According to a new study published in the "International Journal of Biological Studies," genetically modified ("GM") maize can cause liver and other organ damage in mammals.

Compared to rats fed non-GM corn, rats on a GM-corn diet showed signs of toxicity in the kidney and liver. Other areas such as the heart, adrenal glands, spleen and haematopoietic system also exhibited signs of damage.

The three types of GM corn used in the study had been modified for tolerance against particular herbicides and insecticides. Researchers suspect residue from these pesticides probably harm the kidney and liver, which are the main detoxifying organs.

To measure the effect of the GM corn, scientists measured 60 different biochemical properties with blood and urine tests after five and 14 weeks.

Opponents of genetic modification will seize on these reports and argue for clearer labeling or disclosure of products. Current rules do not require genetic modification labeling. Products certified USDA organic must be free of genetic modification, so buying organic may be the surest way of purchasing non-GM products.

Nevertheless, proponents have long suggested biotechnology adds a harmless way to improve yields. Some experts believe many GM promises remain unfulfilled.

As consumers start paying closer attention to the origins of their food, genetic modification or engineering will become more controversial. Unfortunately, long term studies on the potential health and environmental risks of genetic modification do not exist.

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